Problem 186 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Match the following Column-I (a) \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}\) (b) \(\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) (c) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) Column-II (p) White crystalline solid (q) Waxy solid with garlic smell (r) Blue coloured liquid (s) Co-ordinate bonds

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a)-q, (b)-p, (c)-r, (d)-s

Step 1: Identifying Compounds in Column-I

In Column-I, you are given chemical compounds. These include (a) \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}\), (b) \(\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\), (c) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\), and (d) \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\). Each of these compounds has distinct physical and chemical properties that are described in chemistry literature.

Step 2: Analyzing Options in Column-II

Column-II provides descriptions based on the basic chemical and physical properties of the compounds: (p) White crystalline solid, (q) Waxy solid with garlic smell, (r) Blue coloured liquid, and (s) Co-ordinate bonds. We need to relate each compound from Column-I to one of these descriptions.

Step 3: Matching \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}\)

\(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6}\) is known as tetraphosphorus hexoxide. It is a waxy solid known for having a garlic-like smell due to its phosphorous oxide nature. Therefore, it matches with option (q).

Step 4: Matching \(\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\)

\(\mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) is known as diphosphorus pentoxide. It typically appears as a white crystalline solid. Thus, it matches with option (p).

Step 5: Matching \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\)

\(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) is a blue-colored liquid at low temperatures, one of its defining physical characteristics. Thus, it aligns with option (r).

Step 6: Matching \(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\)

\(\mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) contains co-ordinate bonds within its structure and is commonly recognized for them. Therefore, it matches with option (s).

Key Concepts

Physical Properties of Compounds

Understanding the physical properties of chemical compounds is crucial for identifying and matching them correctly. Physical properties refer to observable characteristics such as color, state, odor, and solubility. These are often used to help determine or predict the behavior of a substance in a physical setting.

For instance, the solid, liquid, or gaseous state of an element at room temperature can provide significant insight into its intrinsic properties and potential reactions. This is key when dealing with substances that have distinct states in various conditions.

• Color: The visual appearance, like whether a compound is white, blue, or another color, plays an essential role in identification.
• Smell: Some compounds release distinct odors, such as the garlic-like smell of phosphorus compounds.
• State of Matter: Chemical substances can be recognized whether they are in solid, liquid, or gas form based on temperature and pressure conditions.

When these properties are combined with chemical characteristics, they allow chemists to effectively match compounds to descriptions, as seen in exercises like the one provided.

Phosphorus Oxides

Phosphorus oxides, including \( \mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6} \) and \( \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} \), are a group of compounds containing phosphorus and oxygen.

Known commonly as phosphorous and diphosphorus pentoxide, these compounds display interesting physical properties that make them distinctive.

• \( \mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{6} \) (Tetraphosphorus Hexoxide): This compound has a waxy solid appearance and is notably recognized for its garlic-like smell. This characteristic odor is attributed to its phosphorus content and the structure of its oxide bonds.
• \( \mathrm{P}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} \) (Diphosphorus Pentoxide): Appearing as a white crystalline solid, this compound is often used as a drying agent due to its strong affinity for water (hygroscopic nature). The physical appearance aids in its identification.

Understanding these properties and characteristics is vital for scientific processes such as chemical synthesis and analytical chemistry.

Nitrogen Oxides

Nitrogen oxides are chemical compounds made up of nitrogen and oxygen. They are capable of forming in different structural and molecular configurations, including various oxides depending on the ratio of nitrogen to oxygen.

Two notable nitrogen oxides are \( \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} \) and \( \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} \). These oxides exhibit unique physical traits that facilitate their identification and match them to descriptions.

• \( \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} \) (Dinitrogen Trioxide): This compound is often found as a blue liquid when cooled. Its distinctive color helps to differentiate it among other nitrogen oxides and recognize it in chemical contexts.
• \( \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} \) (Dinitrogen Pentoxide): Known for containing coordinate bonds within its structure, dinitrogen pentoxide is an example of a compound where such bonding impacts both its chemical behavior and physical characteristics.

Recognizing and understanding the properties of nitrogen oxides are essential, particularly in environmental science, where these compounds play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry.