Problem 174 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Which of the vitamins given below is water soluble? [2015] (a) Vitamin \(\mathrm{C}\) (b) Vitamin D (c) Vitamin \(\mathrm{E}\) (d) Vitamin \(\mathrm{K}\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Vitamin C is the water-soluble vitamin.

Step 1: Understanding the Question

The question asks which of the given vitamins is water soluble. It lists four vitamins: Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K. We need to determine which one dissolves in water.

Step 2: Classifying Vitamins by Solubility

Vitamins are classified into two categories: water-soluble and fat-soluble. Water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and the B-complex vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins, on the other hand, include vitamins A, D, E, and K.

Step 3: Identifying the Water-Soluble Vitamin

From our classification, vitamin C is known to be water-soluble, meaning it dissolves in water. The other options, vitamins D, E, and K, are fat-soluble, meaning they dissolve in fats and oils.

Step 4: Conclusion

Based on the classification and properties of vitamins, vitamin C is the only water-soluble vitamin among the options provided in the question.

Key Concepts

Water-Soluble Vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins are a group of vitamins that dissolve in water, making them easily absorbed by the body. They do not store in the body for long periods and are generally excreted through urine. This solubility means that there is a constant need to replenish them through diet.
Water-soluble vitamins are crucial because they assist in energy production, red blood cell formation, and maintaining healthy skin and nerves. Examples of water-soluble vitamins include Vitamin C and the B-vitamins like B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, and B12. These vitamins are abundant in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and dairy products.
The body uses water-soluble vitamins quickly, and since they are not stored, consuming them regularly in your diet is essential to avoid deficiencies.

Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins that dissolve in fat and can be stored in the liver and adipose (fat) tissues for future use. This storage capability means that these vitamins do not need to be consumed as frequently as water-soluble vitamins.
Unlike water-soluble vitamins, which need regular replenishment, fat-soluble vitamins provide the body with a reserve that can be used when dietary intake is inadequate.

• Vitamin A: Essential for vision and immune function.
• Vitamin D: Helps in calcium absorption and bone health.
• Vitamin E: Acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage.
• Vitamin K: Essential for blood clotting and bone health.

Because of their solubility in fat, these vitamins are typically found in high-fat foods and are best absorbed when consumed with dietary fat. It is important to maintain a balanced intake of these vitamins to avoid toxicity, which can occur if they accumulate excessively in the body.

Vitamin C

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a vital water-soluble vitamin. It plays an essential role in maintaining the health of skin, blood vessels, bones, and cartilage.
Vitamin C is well-known for its antioxidant properties, meaning it helps to neutralize free radicals, which are harmful molecules that can cause oxidative stress and cellular damage. This vitamin also supports the immune system by enhancing the function of immune cells and is involved in the production of collagen, necessary for skin elasticity and wound healing.
Humans cannot synthesize Vitamin C, so it's important to include it in your diet through sources like citrus fruits, berries, tomatoes, and green leafy vegetables. Regular intake ensures prevention of deficiency conditions, such as scurvy, characterized by fatigue, gum disease, and bleeding.