Problem 174 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

The IUPAC name of the following compound is [2004] CC1(C)CCCC(O)C1 (a) 3,3 -dimethyl-1-hydroxycyclohexane (b) 1,1 -dimethyl-3-hydroxycyclohexane (c) 3,3 -dimethyl-1-cyclohexanol (d) 1,1 -dimethyl-3-cyclohexanol.

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The IUPAC name is (c) 3,3-dimethyl-1-cyclohexanol.

Step 1: Identify the Parent Chain

The compound provided is a cyclohexane ring with additional groups attached. The parent chain is the cyclohexane ring.

Step 2: Determine Functional Groups and Substituents

The compound has a hydroxyl group (OH) attached, making it an alcohol. Additionally, there are two methyl groups (CH\(_3\)) attached to the same carbon atom on the cyclohexane.

Step 3: Assign Locants for Substituents

To give priority to the hydroxyl group, the carbon it's attached to is designated as carbon 1. The methyl groups are attached to the third carbon in the ring when counted clockwise from the hydroxyl group.

Step 4: Apply the IUPAC Naming Rules

Since the hydroxyl group is on carbon 1, the name ends in 'cyclohexanol'. The two methyl groups on carbon 3 lead to the prefix '3,3-dimethyl'. Combining these gives the name: 3,3-dimethyl-1-cyclohexanol.

Key Concepts

Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry is a vast field dedicated to the study of carbon-containing compounds. It is essential because carbon has the unique ability to form stable bonds with many elements including itself, leading to an extensive variety of molecules.
This branch of chemistry primarily focuses on the structure, composition, properties, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds.
Some key components of organic chemistry include:

• Hydrocarbons: Compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon.
• Functional Groups: Specific groupings of atoms within molecules that determine the chemical reactions of those molecules.
• Isomerism: Different arrangements of atoms in molecules that are chemically distinct from each other.

Knowing the IUPAC nomenclature is crucial in organic chemistry as it provides a standardized method to name chemical compounds, ensuring clear communication."}, {"concept_headline":"Cyclohexane","text":"Cyclohexane is a simple, saturated hydrocarbon and a key structural element in organic chemistry. It's a six-carbon cyclic alkane with the molecular formula C y. Unlike linear alkanes, cyclohexane is a ring, giving it unique properties. Its saturated nature means it has no double bonds, leading to high stability.
Cyclohexane serves as the parent chain in many compounds, especially in cyclic variants. When substituents are added, the base name 'cyclohexane' is modified. Additions such as functional groups or alkyl chains change its chemical behavior as well as its IUPAC name. For example, adding a hydroxyl group converts cyclohexane into cyclohexanol."}, {"concept_headline":"Functional Groups","text":"Functional groups are crucial in organic chemistry as they determine the characteristics and chemical behavior of molecules. These are specific atoms or groups of atoms bonded within molecules that are responsible for the typical chemical reactions of those molecules.
Common functional groups include:

• Hydroxyl Group (-OH): In alcohols, this group is key and significantly influences properties such as polarity and boiling point.
• Carboxyl Group (-COOH): Found in carboxylic acids, crucial for acid-base reactions.
• Carbonyl Group (C=O): Present in compounds like ketones and aldehydes, essential in many biochemical reactions.

Understanding functional groups aids in predicting molecular behavior and the resultant naming in IUPAC nomenclature."}, {"concept_headline":"Alcohols","text":"Alcohols are organic compounds featuring one or more hydroxyl groups (-OH) attached to a saturated carbon atom. Being a fundamental category in organic chemistry, alcohols have diverse applications in industry and daily life.
Properties of alcohols are dominated by the presence of the hydroxyl group:

• They are generally polar due to the O-H bond, leading to high solubility in water.
• The presence of hydrogen bonding results in higher boiling points compared to other hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight.
• Alcohols can undergo reactions such as oxidation, where they are converted to aldehydes, ketones, or carboxylic acids.

In IUPAC nomenclature, the presence of an OH group changes the suffix to '-ol', informing us of its primary functional nature in the molecule."}]}]}]}]},code end to the line and finish off the other sanctions accordingly. ]