Problem 165 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Match the following \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline Column-I & Column-II \\ \hline \(\begin{aligned}&\text { (a) Aqueous solution is acidic } & \text { (p) } \mathrm{S}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{9} \\ &\text { (b) Detection of carbon monoxide } & \text { (q) } \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5} \\ &\text { (c) Having } \mathrm{M}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{M} \text { bond }(\mathrm{M} \text { is } \\ &\text { central atom) } & \text { (r) } \mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{10}\end{aligned}\) \\ \(\begin{array}{ll}\text { (d) On cooling form blue coloured } \\ \text { liquid } & \text { (s) } \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3} \\ \text { (t) } \mathrm{I}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{5}\end{array}\) \\ \hline \end{tabular}

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) matches with (q), (b) matches with (t), (c) matches with (p), and (d) matches with (s).

Step 1: Analyze Condition (a)

For an aqueous solution to be acidic, the oxide should react with water to produce an acid. The only oxide in Column-II known to react with water to produce an acidic solution is \( \mathrm{N}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{5} \) (choice q), which forms nitric acid.

Step 2: Analyze Condition (b)

Carbon monoxide is often detected by its reducing properties. \( \mathrm{I}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{5} \) (choice t) is known to react with carbon monoxide to produce iodine and carbon dioxide, serving as a compound for detection.

Step 3: Analyze Condition (c)

The condition specifies a \( \mathrm{M}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{M} \) bond with a central metal atom. Among the given options, \( \mathrm{S}_{3}\mathrm{O}_{9} \) (choice p) has a structure where sulfur atoms are linked via oxygen atoms, fitting the requirement.

Step 4: Analyze Condition (d)

The phrase 'On cooling form blue coloured liquid' is characteristic of \( \mathrm{N}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3} \) (choice s), which exists as a blue liquid under certain conditions.

Key Concepts

Acids and Bases

Acids and bases are fundamental concepts in chemistry, playing a major role in a variety of chemical reactions. An acid is a substance that can donate a proton ( H^+ ) to another substance, whereas a base is a substance that can accept a proton. When dissolved in water, acids produce hydrogen ions, while bases produce hydroxide ions.

In the context of oxides, an oxide can behave as an acid when dissolved in water. For example, N_2O_5 is an acidic oxide. It reacts with water to form nitric acid. This is an example of an oxide reaction leading to an acidic solution. Understanding whether a compound will behave as an acid or a base helps in predicting the kinds of reactions it can participate in.

• Example: N_2O_5 + H_2O → 2 HNO_3

Oxide reactions

Oxide reactions are fascinating as they involve the transformation of oxides into more complex compounds. Oxides can be either acidic or basic, depending on their chemical structure and the elements they contain.

For instance, when an acidic oxide reacts with water, it forms an acid. N_2O_5 is a good example, as it reacts with water to generate nitric acid. On the other hand, basic oxides like calcium oxide can react with water to form bases, such as calcium hydroxide.

• Acidic Oxides: React with water to form acids.
• Basic Oxides: React with water to form bases.

These reactions are crucial in various industrial processes and environmental systems, explaining the behavior and applications of different oxides.

Detection of gases

Detecting gases effectively is crucial for many industrial and laboratory processes. Each gas has unique properties that can be used for its identification.

Carbon monoxide detection is a classic example. This gas, which is colorless and odorless, needs specific compounds for detection due to its toxicity. I_2O_5 is one such compound; it reacts with carbon monoxide and helps in identifying its presence by producing iodine and carbon dioxide as products.

• Reaction Used: I_2O_5 + 5 CO → I_2 + 5 CO_2

Understanding the characteristic reactions and identifying products are essential in detecting and quantifying gases effectively.

Molecule structure

The structure of a molecule is fundamental to its properties and reactivity. A molecule's shape, the distribution of its electrons, and how these electrons interact all play a critical role in chemical bonding.

For instance, molecules with a M-O-M bond, such as S_3O_9 , involve atoms connected via oxygen, showcasing a structure where two sulfur atoms are linked through oxygen atoms, describing a distinctive molecular geometry.

Understanding molecular structures aids in predicting the chemical behavior and reactions of different molecules, facilitating advancements in chemical research and application.

• Example: S_3O_9 has an structure involving sulfur atoms linked by oxygen atoms.