Problem 16 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

Aschelminthes are (a) Eucoelomate (b) Pseudocoelomate (c) Acoelomate (d) None of these

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(b) Pseudocoelomate

Step 1: Explore the Options

Each of the options (a), (b), (c), and (d) present a type of body cavity that an animal can have. Eucoelomate animals have a true body cavity derived from mesoderm. Pseudocoelomate animals have a body cavity not entirely lined with mesoderm. Acoelomate animals lack a body cavity.

Step 2: Classify Aschelminthes

Aschelminthes or Nematoda fall under Pseudocoelomates. They have a cavity that is not fully lined with mesoderm.

Step 3: Choose the Right Option

Based on the classification, Aschelminthes are Pseudocoelomates.

Key Concepts

Understanding Eucoelomates

Eucoelomates, also known as true coelomates, represent a group of organisms with a defining characteristic: a true body cavity termed a coelom. This cavity is fully lined with a tissue called mesoderm. The presence of the coelom provides several advantages, including more space for the development and accommodation of complex organ systems, which allows for greater body flexibility and mobility.

For example, in the animal kingdom, annelids (segmented worms), mollusks, and vertebrates are eucoelomates. This category showcases some of the most advanced organisms in terms of structure and function. The true coelom is also important as it creates a protective layer for internal organs, allowing them to grow and move independently of the outer body wall.

Exploring Pseudocoelomates

Pseudocoelomates are fascinating creatures that possess a body cavity known as a pseudocoelom. What sets them apart from eucoelomates is that the pseudocoelom is not completely lined with mesoderm. Instead, this cavity exists between the endoderm, which forms the gut, and the ectoderm, the outermost tissue layer.

This structure may not provide the same degree of organ support or development space as a true coelom, but it still allows for an effective distribution of nutrients and wastes via the fluid within the pseudocoelom. Aschelminthes or roundworms, an example discussed in the exercise, typify pseudocoelomates. They encompass a wide range of lifestyles and can be found in various habitats, embodying an evolutionary trade-off that balances structural simplicity with functional complexity.

Acoelomate Body Plans

Acoelomates are organisms that lack a body cavity, which presents a distinct way of structuring an animal's body. In these organisms, the space between the gut and the body wall is completely filled with tissue, called mesenchyme.

Platyhelminthes, or flatworms, are prime examples of acoelomates. Despite lacking a coelom, acoelomates' bodies are often compact and efficient in their simplicity. They move by ciliary gliding or muscle contractions, given their flat shapes and solid bodies. This lack of a coelom does limit their size and the complexity of their organs, as they rely on diffusion to transport nutrients and oxygen throughout their bodies. An acoelomate's simple design is sufficient for its survival needs and can be advantageous in specific ecological niches where a coelom is not necessary for success.