Problem 159 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Match the following Column-I (a) \(\mathrm{Al}\) (b) \(\mathrm{Cu}\) (c) \(\mathrm{Mg}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Zn}\) Column-II (p) Calamine (q) Cryolite (r) Malachite (s) Carnallite (t) Magnesite

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) -> (q), (b) -> (r), (c) -> (t), (d) -> (p)

Step 1: Identify the Ore for Aluminum

Aluminum (\( ext{Al}\)) is extracted from the ore known as bauxite; however, the question hints towards other ores of aluminum like cryolite. Thus, we match (a) \( ext{Al}\) with (q) cryolite.

Step 2: Determine the Ore for Copper

Copper (\( ext{Cu}\)) is extracted from malachite, which is a green mineral used to obtain copper metal. Therefore, (b) \( ext{Cu}\) matches with (r) malachite.

Step 3: Identify the Ore for Magnesium

Magnesium (\( ext{Mg}\)) is most often extracted from a mineral known as magnesite. Thus, (c) \( ext{Mg}\) matches with (t) magnesite.

Step 4: Determine the Ore for Zinc

Zinc (\( ext{Zn}\)) is commonly extracted from calamine. Hence, (d) \( ext{Zn}\) matches with (p) calamine.

Key Concepts

Aluminum Ores

Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the Earth's crust, and it is chiefly extracted from its ore. The primary ore of aluminum is bauxite, which is rich in minerals like gibbsite, boehmite, and diaspore. However, during the extraction processes, other ores like cryolite are sometimes incorporated. Cryolite (\(\text{Na}_3\text{AlF}_6\)) is used primarily in the Hall-Héroult process for extracting aluminum because it helps dissolve bauxite at a lower temperature, reducing energy costs. Cryolite's importance stems from its ability to lower the melting point of alumina, aiding the industrial production of pure aluminum effectively and economically.