Problem 158 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Match the following \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline Column-I & Column-II \\ \hline (a) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) & (p) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\) absorber \\\ (b) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3}\) & (q) Detergent \\ (c) \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) & (r) Glass \\ (d) \(\mathrm{NaOCl}\) & (s) Bleach \\ \hline \end{tabular}

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) - r; (b) - p; (c) - q; (d) - s.

Step 1: Match Sodium Carbonate

Sodium carbonate, \( Na_2CO_3 \), is commonly used in glass production.Therefore, it matches with option (r) Glass.

Step 2: Match Sodium Sulfite

Sodium sulfite, \( Na_2SO_3 \), is known to absorb sulfur dioxide, \( SO_2 \).Thus, it matches with option (p) \( SO_2 \) absorber.

Step 3: Match Sodium Hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide, \( NaOH \), is a key ingredient in many cleaning products, especially soaps and detergents.Thus, it matches with option (q) Detergent.

Step 4: Match Sodium Hypochlorite

Sodium hypochlorite, \( NaOCl \), is widely used as a bleaching agent.Therefore, it matches with option (s) Bleach.

Key Concepts

Sodium Carbonate

Sodium carbonate, commonly referred to as soda ash or washing soda, is a white, water-soluble salt. Its chemical formula is \( \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3} \). This compound finds extensive use in the manufacture of glass, where it acts as a flux for silica. This means it reduces the melting point of silica, allowing it to become molten at lower temperatures. This property makes it highly useful in the production of both container and flat glass.
Additionally, sodium carbonate is used as a water softener in laundering, as it helps to remove magnesium and calcium ions. It is also a key raw material in the manufacture of various sodium compounds. Sodium carbonate plays a vital role in pH regulation processes, making it a versatile component in various industrial applications.
When studying its properties, remember:

• It is alkaline and can irritate skin or eyes.
• It absorbs moisture and CO₂ from the air.
• It should be stored in a cool, dry place to maintain its stability.

Sodium Sulfite

Sodium sulfite, \( \mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{3} \), is a chemical compound that serves as an oxygen scavenger, which makes it valuable for removing dissolved oxygen in industrial processes. However, it's popularly known for its role in absorbing sulfur dioxide \( \mathrm{SO}_{2} \). This property makes it useful in air purification and waste treatment processes.
Sodium sulfite is also utilized in the food and beverage industry as a preservative and an antioxidant. It helps maintain the color and freshness of some foods, especially in the drying and packaging stages. But it's vital to remember:

• Some people can be sensitive to sulfites, causing allergic reactions.
• Proper handling and storage are crucial, keeping it away from moisture and acids.
• It acts as a reducing agent in various chemical applications.

Understanding the functions and characteristics of sodium sulfite can help in various industrial and food-related applications.

Sodium Hydroxide

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), often known as lye or caustic soda, is a highly versatile and essential compound in many industries. Its basic nature makes it a powerful cleaning agent and a critical component in many cleaning products, such as soap and detergents.
This compound has many critical roles, including its use in the paper, textiles, and chemical industries. Its ability to dissolve grease and organic materials makes it effective in unclogging drains and cleaning surfaces. Additionally, it plays a crucial role in the saponification process, where it catalyzes the reaction of fats and oils to produce soap.
When handling sodium hydroxide, always be cautious:

• It is highly caustic and can cause severe chemical burns.
• Protective gear, such as gloves and eye protection, is mandatory when handling.
• It reacts exothermically with water, meaning it releases heat.

Proper knowledge and handling of sodium hydroxide ensure safety and effectiveness across various applications.

Sodium Hypochlorite

Sodium hypochlorite, with the chemical formula \( \mathrm{NaOCl} \), is commonly known for its bleaching and disinfecting properties. Its most widespread use is as a bleach, particularly in household laundry and cleaning products. Beyond its bleaching abilities, sodium hypochlorite is an effective disinfectant and sanitizer.
It works by releasing chlorine, which rapidly kills bacteria and viruses. This makes it a critical component in water treatment facilities, ensuring water safety and cleanliness. Aside from its disinfecting uses, sodium hypochlorite can also be used in the food industry for washing fruits and vegetables to reduce microbial contamination.
When using sodium hypochlorite, remember:

• Always dilute it appropriately for safe and effective use.
• Avoid mixing with ammonia or acidic cleaners to prevent the release of toxic gases.
• Store it out of direct sunlight and heat to maintain stability.

Understanding sodium hypochlorite's properties and uses can help in maintaining hygiene and disinfecting surfaces effectively.