Problem 156 - Chemistry

Question

Classify each of the following as a strong acid, weak acid, strong base, or weak base in aqueous solution. a. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{2}\) b. \(\mathrm{HNO}_{3}\) c. \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\) d. \(\mathrm{NaOH}\) e. \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) f. \(\mathrm{HF}\) g. h. \(\mathrm{Ca}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) i. \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4}\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

a. HNO2 - Weak acid b. HNO3 - Strong acid c. CH3NH2 - Weak base d. NaOH - Strong base e. NH3 - Weak base f. HF - Weak acid h. Ca(OH)2 - Strong base i. H2SO4 - Strong acid

Step 1: a. HNO2

Nitrous acid, HNO2, is a weak acid. It does not completely ionize in water, but instead establishes an equilibrium with its ions.

Step 2: b. HNO3

Nitric acid, HNO3, is a strong acid. It completely ionizes in water, releasing H+ ions and NO3- ions into the solution.

Step 3: c. CH3NH2

Methylamine, CH3NH2, is a weak base. It will accept protons from water, forming CH3NH3+ and OH- ions, but does not completely ionize in water.

Step 4: d. NaOH

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is a strong base. It completely ionizes in water, releasing Na+ and OH- ions.

Step 5: e. NH3

Ammonia, NH3, is a weak base. It can accept H+ ions from water to form NH4+ and OH-, but it doesn't completely ionize in water.

Step 6: f. HF

Hydrofluoric Acid, HF, is a weak acid. Although it donates H+ ions in water, it does not completely ionize.

Step 7: h. Ca(OH)2

Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, is a strong base. It dissociates completely in water into Calcium ions (Ca2+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).

Step 8: i. H2SO4

Sulfuric acid, H2SO4, is a strong acid. It ionizes completely in water, forming H+ and SO4^2- ions. Note: There was no compound provided for the letter 'g.'