Problem 153 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Match the following \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline Column-I & Column-II \\ \hline (a) Acetylsalicylic acid & (p) Insecticide \\ (b) DDT & (q) Drug \\ (c) Naphthalene & (r) Moth repellent \\ (d) Carbon tetrahcloride & (s) Fire extinguisher \\ & (t) Sublimation \end{tabular}

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) -> q, (b) -> p, (c) -> r, (d) -> s

Step 1: Match Acetylsalicylic Acid

Acetylsalicylic acid is a chemical compound commonly known as aspirin, which is used to relieve pain and reduce fever or inflammation. It is classified as a drug. Therefore, match acetylsalicylic acid with \( (q) \) Drug.

Step 2: Match DDT

DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) is a well-known chemical used primarily as an insecticide to control mosquitoes and other insects. Thus, DDT matches with \( (p) \) Insecticide.

Step 3: Match Naphthalene

Naphthalene is an aromatic hydrocarbon known for its use in mothballs to repel moths and other insects. Hence, naphthalene matches with \( (r) \) Moth repellent.

Step 4: Match Carbon Tetrachloride

Carbon tetrachloride is a compound historically used in fire extinguishers, as well as a cleaning agent and in manufacturing. Therefore, carbon tetrachloride matches with \( (s) \) Fire extinguisher.

Key Concepts

Organic Chemistry

Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies carbon-based compounds, which are fundamental to life on Earth. It encompasses a vast array of substances, including those found in living organisms and artificial compounds.

• Carbon's unique ability to form four stable covalent bonds with other atoms makes it exceptionally versatile. This results in the immense diversity of organic compounds.
• Key functional groups in organic chemistry, such as alcohols, acids, amines, and esters, determine the properties and reactivity of the compounds they form.
• Organic reactions often involve the making and breaking of these bonds, leading to transformations that result in new compounds with different properties.

Understanding organic chemistry is crucial for the synthesis of a variety of products, including pharmaceuticals and plastics, playing a significant role in numerous industries.

Chemical Applications

Chemical applications refer to the ways in which chemical compounds are used in various industries and daily life. These applications are diverse and far-reaching, impacting everything from agriculture to medicine.

• In agriculture, chemicals such as DDT are used as insecticides to protect crops from pests, although many are now regulated due to environmental concerns.
• In healthcare, compounds like acetylsalicylic acid are used as drugs to treat a range of ailments, highlighting the importance of chemistry in medical advancements.
• Industries also utilize chemicals in manufacturing processes, such as carbon tetrachloride once being used in fire extinguishers due to its non-flammable properties.

Chemical applications demonstrate the practical benefits of chemistry, enhancing productivity and safety across various sectors.

Chemical Identification

Chemical identification involves determining the composition and properties of chemical substances. This process is essential for ensuring the correct use of chemicals in their respective applications.

• Techniques like spectroscopy, chromatography, and mass spectrometry are often employed to identify chemicals accurately.
• Identification is crucial for safety, as improper use of chemicals can lead to harmful reactions or ineffective applications.
• Through identification, substances like naphthalene can be confirmed as suitable for use in moth repellents, leveraging their properties to prevent fabric damage.

Effective chemical identification benefits not only industrial processes but also consumer safety and environmental protection.

Insecticides

Insecticides are chemicals used to control or eliminate insect pests. They play a crucial role in agricultural and residential settings to maintain food supplies and comfort in living environments.

• Compounds like DDT were historically used to combat diseases spread by mosquitoes, such as malaria, although concerns about their environmental impact have led to reduced usage.
• Today's insecticides must balance effectiveness with environmental safety to minimize ecological harm while maintaining pest control efficacy.
• Innovations in insecticide research aim at developing more sustainable solutions, reducing resistance issues among pest populations.

Understanding insecticides ensures proper application, helping to protect both crops and human health from pest-related diseases.

Drugs in Chemistry

Drugs in chemistry refer to chemical substances used for medical purposes to treat, cure, or prevent diseases. The field of medicinal chemistry is dedicated to the discovery and development of such compounds.

• Acetylsalicylic acid, known as aspirin, is a classic example of a drug used to relieve pain and reduce inflammation, showcasing the therapeutic power of chemical compounds.
• Drug development involves extensive research, including chemical synthesis and testing for efficacy and safety before approval for human use.
• The formulation of drugs must consider factors like drug delivery methods, dosage form, and potential side effects to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

The role of chemistry in drug development is vital for advancing healthcare, addressing both current medical challenges and emerging health concerns.