Problem 15 - 43 Years JEE ADVANCED (1978-2020) + JEE MAIN Chapterwise & Topicwise Solved Papers Chemistry

Question

The compound used in the treatment of lead poisoning is : (a) D-penicillamine (b) desferrioxime B (c) cis-platin (d) EDTA

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

EDTA (option d) is used to treat lead poisoning.

Step 1: Understanding the Question

We need to determine which compound is used to treat lead poisoning from the given options. Each option represents a different chemical compound commonly used in medical treatments.

Step 2: Identify Treatment for Lead Poisoning

Lead poisoning is typically treated using chelation therapy, where specific compounds bind to lead ions to remove them from the body. EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) is a well-known chelating agent used for this purpose.

Step 3: Examine Each Option

- (a) D-penicillamine: Used for copper accumulation (as in Wilson's disease), not lead poisoning. - (b) desferrioxime B: Used to treat iron overload. - (c) cis-platin: A chemotherapy drug, not related to treating poisoning. - (d) EDTA: A chelating agent used to treat heavy metal poisoning, including lead.

Step 4: Select the Correct Answer

Based on the analysis of each option, EDTA is the compound used in the treatment of lead poisoning.

Key Concepts

Chelation Therapy

Chelation therapy is a medical procedure used to remove heavy metals, like lead, from the blood. It works by introducing a chelating agent into the body, which binds to the metals. This binding forms a complex that can be excreted through the urine.

The therapy is essential for treating various forms of heavy metal poisoning. For lead poisoning specifically, the chelating agent creates bonds with lead ions, effectively reducing their concentration in the body. This alleviates the symptoms of poisoning and prevents further damage.

Some key points about chelation therapy include:

• Targets and neutralizes heavy metals in the body.
• Involves intravenous administration of chelating agents.
• Requires medical supervision due to potential side effects.

While beneficial, it's crucial to use chelation therapy only when medically necessary to avoid complications.

EDTA

EDTA, or Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, is a widely used chelating agent in chelation therapy. This compound is particularly effective at binding to metal ions, making it ideal for treating heavy metal poisoning, such as lead poisoning.

EDTA works by attaching to the metal ions in the bloodstream. Once bound, these complexes are filtered by the kidneys and excreted from the body. This helps in reducing the metal burden on the body and alleviates associated health risks.

Here are some important points about EDTA:

• Commonly administered through an intravenous injection.
• Primarily used for removing calcium, lead, and other heavy metals.
• Can be synthetic, ensuring a controlled and effective treatment process.

It's essential to have medical monitoring when receiving EDTA treatments to ensure safety and efficacy.

Heavy Metal Poisoning

Heavy metal poisoning occurs when there's an accumulation of metallic elements in the body that can cause harm. Metals such as lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic are common culprits.

These metals can disrupt various bodily functions by interfering with the normal biological processes. The sources of exposure can include environmental pollution, industrial work, ingestion of contaminated water or food, and use of certain consumer products.

Key signs and symptoms include:

• Gastrointestinal problems (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain).
• Neurological issues (headaches, memory loss, mood changes).
• General fatigue and weakness.

Heavy metal poisoning requires specific medical evaluations and interventions like chelation therapy to remove the toxic metals and minimize health risks. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the best outcomes.