Problem 144 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

The abnormal frequent bowel movement and increased liquidity of faecal discharge is known as (a) Constipation (b) Vomiting (c) Diarrhoea (d) Indigestion

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct answer is (c) Diarrhoea.

Step 1: Define Each Term

Look up the definitions of each of the options. Constipation is characterized by difficulty in passing stools and infrequent bowel movements. Vomiting is the involuntary, forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth. Diarrhoea is a condition characterized by loose or liquid bowel movements, often in a large volume and accompanied by increased frequency. Indigestion is pain or discomfort in the stomach associated with difficulty in digesting food.

Step 2: Compare Definitions with the Description

Compare these definitions with the description given in the question. Here the condition described is 'frequent bowel movement and increased liquidity of faecal discharge'.

Step 3: Select the Correct Term

The description matches with the definition of Diarrhoea, which is characterized by frequent bowel movement and increased liquidity of faecal discharge.

Key Concepts

Constipation

Constipation is a common digestive problem where individuals experience difficulty in passing stools or infrequent bowel movements. The discomfort arises due to the stools being hard, dry, and sometimes painful to pass. It can be a result of various factors such as poor diet, dehydration, lack of exercise, or certain medications.

• **Diet:** Low fiber intake can lead to constipation. Fiber adds bulk to stool, enhancing bowel movement.
• **Hydration:** Adequate water intake is critical, as it helps keep stools soft and easier to pass.
• **Lifestyle:** Physical activity stimulates the muscles in your intestines to move stool through your bowels.
• **Medication and Health Conditions:** Some medications and health issues like hypothyroidism can contribute to constipation.

Addressing constipation typically involves dietary adjustments, increasing physical activity, staying hydrated, and sometimes using simple over-the-counter laxatives under a doctor's guidance. It's important to address these symptoms early to avoid further complications like chronic constipation.

Vomiting

Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. It can be triggered by numerous factors, including viral infections, motion sickness, pregnancy, or consuming something that irritates the stomach. Vomiting is often accompanied by nausea, which is the sensation of being about to throw up.

• **Causes:** Various conditions can lead to vomiting, such as gastrointestinal infections, overeating, or migraines.
• **Types:** Acute vomiting is short-lived and usually clears up on its own, while chronic vomiting can indicate more serious health issues.
• **Risks:** Frequent or severe vomiting can lead to dehydration, a condition where your body loses more fluid than it takes in. This requires prompt management.

It is essential to monitor hydration levels when experiencing vomiting, as fluid loss is significant. Small sips of water or oral rehydration solutions can help mitigate the risk of dehydration. Also consider avoiding solid food until vomiting subsides.

Indigestion

Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, refers to discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen associated with difficulty digesting food. It is often characterized by feelings of fullness, bloating, burping, and heartburn. Various factors can trigger indigestion, including overeating, eating too quickly, or consuming spicy or fatty foods.

• **Symptoms:** Besides discomfort, indigestion may cause nausea, a burning sensation, and an acidic taste in the mouth.
• **Causes:** Stress, smoking, excessive alcohol, and certain medications can exacerbate indigestion symptoms.
• **Prevention:** To reduce the risk of indigestion, eat smaller meals more slowly, avoid trigger foods, and try to manage stress levels.

If indigestion is persistent and severe, it might be indicative of an underlying health issue, such as an ulcer or GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease), and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. In general, maintaining a balanced diet, healthy lifestyle, and paying attention to meal timings can help manage symptoms of indigestion effectively.