Problem 13 - Chemistry in 30 days

Question

Which ameng the following is biodegradable pollutant? (a) Polythene (b) Asbestos (c) Sewage waste (d) Mercury

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Sewage waste is the biodegradable pollutant.

Step 1: Understanding Biodegradability

A substance is considered biodegradable when it can be broken down into simpler substances by microorganisms like bacteria or fungi. These organisms use the substance as a food source in the natural environment, turning it into harmless products.

Step 2: Analysis of Each Option

To identify which option is a biodegradable pollutant, we must evaluate each: (a) Polythene is a plastic that microorganisms cannot easily decompose; (b) Asbestos is a mineral fiber resistant to biological breaking down; (c) Sewage waste is organic and can be broken down by microorganisms; (d) Mercury is a heavy metal that is not broken down by natural biological processes.

Step 3: Identifying the Biodegradable Pollutant

From the analysis, we can conclude that sewage waste is the only option on the list that microorganisms can decompose naturally. Other options like polythene, asbestos, and mercury do not decompose biologically.

Key Concepts

Biodegradability

The term 'biodegradability' refers to the ability of a substance to be broken down by living organisms, particularly microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. This process converts complex molecules into simpler ones, effectively returning them to the environment in a natural and sustainable way. In essence, a biodegradable material blends harmoniously into the ecosystem, posing no threat over time.

Biodegradability is crucial for environmental health. It prevents the accumulation of waste that could harm ecosystems. Biodegradable materials disappear over time, leaving no trace.

• Environmental Significance: Reduces pollution and supports a clean environment.
• Sustainability: Promotes a cycle where waste reverts to natural components.

Understanding what materials are biodegradable helps in waste management and pollution control, enabling better decisions for environmental conservation.

Microorganisms

Microorganisms, invisible to the naked eye, play a vital role in biodegradability by acting as nature's recyclers. They are responsible for breaking down organic materials into simpler substances. This decomposition is essential for nutrient cycling in ecosystems.

Microorganisms include:

• Bacteria: Most common decomposers, breaking down organic matter efficiently.
• Fungi: Specialize in breaking down tough biological materials like cellulose and lignin found in plants.

Microorganisms thrive in various environments, from soil to water, aiding in the natural cleanup of organic waste. They convert waste into substances like carbon dioxide, water, and simple organic compounds. This process is essential for maintaining environmental balance.

Organic Waste Decomposition

Organic waste decomposition is a natural process where organic materials are broken down by microorganisms. This process is crucial for recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem, supporting plant growth and maintaining soil fertility.

When organic waste such as food scraps or sewage waste is decomposed:

• Nutrient Recycling: Converts waste into nutrients that enrich the soil.
• Reduces Landfill Pressure: Lessens the burden on landfills by breaking down waste naturally.

Effective decomposition depends on conditions such as temperature, moisture, and oxygen availability, which affect how quickly microorganisms can work. Understanding and optimizing these conditions can enhance composting efforts, turning waste into valuable resources.