Problem 113 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Match the following: List I List II 1\. Sorel's cement (i) \(\mathrm{MgCl}_{2}\) 2\. Albite (ii) \(\mathrm{MgO}\) 3\. A salt of carnalite (iii) \(\mathrm{NaAlSi}_{3} \mathrm{O}_{8}\) 4\. Glauber's salt (iv) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4} \cdot 10 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) The correct matching is: 1 2 \(3 \quad 4\) (a) (ii) (iii) (iv) (i) (b) (iv) (ii) (ii) (i) (c) (iii) (ii) (i) (iv) (d) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct matches are: 1 - (ii), 2 - (iii), 3 - (i), 4 - (iv). The correct option is (d).

Step 1: Analyze List I and List II

First, look at List I and identify what each entry is: 1. **Sorel's cement** is a material made from a mixture of magnesium oxide and magnesium chloride. 2. **Albite** is a type of feldspar mineral. 3. **A salt of carnalite** usually contains magnesium and potassium salts. 4. **Glauber's salt** is a well-known name for sodium sulfate decahydrate, a common salt.

Step 2: Match Sorel's Cement from List I

Since Sorel's cement is made from a mixture of magnesium oxide ( (ii) ) and magnesium chloride ( (i) ), we associate 1 from List I (Sorel's cement) with (ii) .

Step 3: Match Albite from List I

Albite is a mineral composed sparsely of aluminum silicates, specifically NaAlSi_3O_8 . Therefore, we match 2 from List I with (iii) .

Step 4: Match A Salt of Carnalite from List I

Most commonly, salts of carnalite would involve magnesium (such as magnesium chloride). Hence, we match 3 from List I with (i) (Magnesium Chloride).

Step 5: Match Glauber's Salt from List I

Glauber's salt is sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na_2SO_4 cdot 10 H_2Ofe ). Therefore, 4 from List I is matched with (iv) .

Key Concepts

Sorel's Cement

Sorel's Cement, also known as magnesium oxychloride cement, is a fascinating material. It's primarily composed of magnesium oxide (MgO) and magnesium chloride (MgCl₂). These two ingredients chemically react to form the cement. This type of cement distinguishes itself from regular Portland cement due to its unique properties.
Sorel's Cement is celebrated for its high tensile strength, making it suitable for specialized applications like flooring and fireproof construction. It's important to note that while Sorel's Cement offers advantages, it is also more sensitive to water compared to other cements.
Here's why it's useful:

• Resistant to abrasion.
• Produces a smoother finish compared to Portland cement.
• Exhibits fire-resistant properties.

To effectively use Sorel's Cement, one must be conscious of its sensitivity and ensure proper waterproofing when applying it in wet conditions.

Albite

Albite is a key component of the mineral group called feldspars, which are among the most abundant minerals in Earth's crust. It has the chemical formula NaAlSi₃O₈ and belongs to the plagioclase series of feldspar minerals.
Albite's distinguishing feature is its sodium-rich composition. It generally appears in shades ranging from white to grey and sometimes bluish. This mineral finds its application mainly in the ceramics industry and in the production of dental porcelain.
Key characteristics include:

• High temperature stability, making it an essential component in ceramics.
• Present in many igneous rocks.
• Does not react with acids, making it durable for geological applications.

Understanding albite is crucial for fields like geology and materials science, particularly when studying rock formation and manmade materials.

Carnalite Salt

Carnalite is a naturally occurring mineral that is composed of hydrated potassium magnesium chloride, with the formula KMgCl₃·6H₂O. This mineral is especially significant because it serves as an important source of potassium and magnesium, both essential nutrients.
The salts of carnalite are primarily used in fertilizers, which improve soil nutrient content and enhance plant growth. Additionally, carnalite is involved in the production of magnesium metal, an element used in various industrial processes.
Here are some vital points about carnalite salts:

• Efficiently sources potassium and magnesium for agricultural use.
• Dissolves readily in water, making it useful in liquid fertilizers.
• Natural deposits are often harvested and processed for industrial uses.

Understanding the applications and chemical nature of carnalite salts is essential for industries relying on these minerals for raw materials.

Glauber's Salt

Glauber's Salt, scientifically known as sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na₂SO₄·10H₂O), is widely recognized for its uses in various industrial and household applications. It is a crystalline solid that dissolves well in water, making it versatile in its applications.
This salt is an effective cleaning agent and is often used in the manufacturing of paper, glass, and detergents. Its distinctive property is its ability to change water solubility with temperature, allowing it to serve as a useful medium for heat storage in solar energy systems.
Important uses of Glauber's Salt include:

• Used in the textile industry for dyeing purposes.
• Serves as an effective laxative in medicine.
• Acts as a heat storage medium due to its thermal properties.

Glauber's Salt’s solubility properties make it a valuable substance in many scientific and commercial fields.