Problem 112 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

$$ \begin{aligned} &\text { Match the following }\\\ &\begin{array}{ll} \hline \text { Column-I } & \text { Column-II } \\ \hline \text { (a) Antaacids } & \text { (p) Omeprazole } \\ \text { (b) Antihistamine } & \text { (q) Enovid-E } \\ \text { (c) Anti malarial } & \text { (r) Dipheyl hydramine } \\ \text { (d) Anti fertility } & \text { (s) Chloroquine } \\ & \text { (t) Ranitidine } \\ \hline \end{array} \end{aligned} $$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) - (t), (b) - (r), (c) - (s), (d) - (q)

Step 1: Analyzing Antacids

Antacids are drugs that help neutralize stomach acid. By looking at Column-II, we can identify Ranitidine (t) as a common antacid used to reduce acid in the stomach.

Step 2: Analyzing Antihistamines

Antihistamines treat allergic reactions by blocking histamine action. Diphenyl hydramine (r) is a recognized antihistamine commonly used to alleviate allergy symptoms.

Step 3: Analyzing Antimalarial Drugs

Antimalarial drugs are used to prevent or cure malaria. Chloroquine (s) is widely used for the treatment and prevention of malaria.

Step 4: Analyzing Anti-fertility Drugs

Anti-fertility drugs are related to birth control and are also known as contraceptives. Enovid-E (q) is a well-known pioneer pill used as an oral contraceptive.

Key Concepts

Antacids

Antacids are medicines that help manage heartburn and indigestion by neutralizing excess stomach acid. These drugs work by increasing the pH balance in the stomach, providing relief from acidity-related discomfort.
It's important to understand that antacids can come in various forms like liquid suspensions, chewable tablets, or powders, offering flexibility in consumption. Typical ingredients include magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and calcium carbonate.

• Ranitidine, although listed as an antacid in the exercise, primarily belongs to a class of medications called H2 blockers. It reduces stomach acid production by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach lining, providing a more prolonged relief compared to traditional antacids.

While their quick action offers symptom relief, antacids do not address underlying causes. Therefore, they are typically used as a temporary solution.

Antihistamines

Antihistamines are drugs that counteract the effects of histamine, a chemical produced in the body during allergic reactions. Histamine can cause symptoms such as sneezing, itching, rashes, and watery eyes.
By blocking histamine receptors, antihistamines provide relief from allergy symptoms, making them essential in allergy management.

• Diphenylhydramine, as noted in the exercise, is a commonly used antihistamine. It is often found in over-the-counter allergy medications and is known for its sedative effects, helping to alleviate symptoms like itching and hives.

While effective, some antihistamines can cause drowsiness, so it's wise to be mindful of the specific product and its side effects.

Antimalarial Drugs

Antimalarial drugs are specifically formulated to either prevent or treat malaria, a disease caused by parasites that are transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
These drugs work by interfering with the life cycle of the malaria parasites in the human body or the mosquito's gut.

• Chloroquine, mentioned in the exercise, was once a frontline treatment for malaria. It works by attacking the malaria parasite in the red blood cells, stopping its growth and proliferation.

However, resistance to chloroquine in certain malaria strains has led to the development of more effective treatments and combination therapies. It's crucial to follow updated guidelines regarding antimalarial drug usage.

Anti-fertility Drugs

Anti-fertility drugs, also known as contraceptives, are used to prevent pregnancy. They encompass a range of products such as oral contraceptives (birth control pills), patches, implants, and injections.
These drugs typically contain hormones that regulate or inhibit the natural female reproductive cycle, preventing ovulation or fertilization.

• Enovid-E, highlighted in the exercise, historically marked the beginning of the birth control pill revolution. It contains synthetic hormones which produce effects similar to the natural hormones in the body, thus helping to prevent ovulation.

Today's contraceptives offer various options, catering to different lifestyle choices and health needs, emphasizing the importance of consultation with healthcare providers to choose the best method suited for one's circumstances.