Problem 110 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Match the following \begin{tabular}{ll} \hline Column-I & Column-II \\ \hline (a) Nylon 6,10 & (p) Polyster \\ (b) Glyptal & (q) Polyamide \\ (c) Teflon & (r) Condensation polymer \\ (d) Bakelite & (s) Addition polymer \\ & (t) Novolac is obtained before \\ the final polymer \\ \hline \end{tabular}

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

(a) - (q), (b) - (r), (c) - (s), (d) - (t)

Step 1: Understanding Nylon 6,10

Nylon 6,10 is known to be a type of polyamide. Polyamides are synthetic polymers made by the linkage of an amine group with a carboxylic acid group, forming an amide bond. Thus, Nylon 6,10 matches with (q) Polyamide.

Step 2: Identifying Glyptal

Glyptal is a polymer formed from the condensation reaction between glycerol and phthalic anhydride. It's used in paints and is categorized as a condensation polymer. Therefore, Glyptal matches with (r) Condensation polymer.

Step 3: Linking Teflon

Teflon is a polymer that is known for being an addition polymer. It is manufactured by the polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene and forms a non-reactive and nonstick surface. So, Teflon matches with (s) Addition polymer.

Step 4: Associating Bakelite

Bakelite is a phenol-formaldehyde resin, which is created through a condensation reaction. During its synthesis, an intermediate called Novolac is formed, which then further polymerizes to form Bakelite. Thus, Bakelite matches with (t) Novolac is obtained before the final polymer.

Key Concepts

Polyamides

Polyamides are a fascinating class of polymers that include well-known materials like Nylon. These polymers form when an amine group bonds with a carboxylic acid group. This reaction forms an amide bond, which is the backbone of the polyamide structure.

• They are commonly used in textiles due to their strength and resistance to abrasion.
• Examples include Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,10, which are used in products ranging from clothing to engineering plastics.

Nylon 6,10 specifically is created from hexamethylenediamine and sebacic acid. The alternating structure gives it unique properties, such as high thermal resistance and mechanical strength.

Condensation Polymers

Condensation polymers are formed through a chemical reaction wherein monomers join together by eliminating small molecules like water or methanol.

• This category includes various synthetic polymers, such as polyesters and some types of polyamides.
• They are characterized by the release of small molecules, often making them more resistant to heat than addition polymers.

Glyptal, for example, is a condensation polymer derived from glycerol and phthalic anhydride. It's popular in making paints and coatings because of its durability and quick drying properties.

Addition Polymers

Addition polymers form by adding monomers with double bonds, usually unsaturated hydrocarbons, under the influence of catalysts or initiators.

• One of the most famous addition polymers is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), commonly known as Teflon.
• Addition polymers differ from condensation polymers as they do not release any byproducts during polymerization.

Teflon is prized for its nonstick properties, making it ideal for cookware. Its chemical inertness also suits it for uses in industrial applications, such as seals and gaskets in corrosive environments.

Phenolic Resins

Phenolic resins are a type of synthetic polymer created by the reaction of phenol with an aldehyde, commonly formaldehyde.

• They are among the first synthetic polymers ever created and are still widely used for molding, laminating, and as adhesives.
• Bakelite, a well-known phenolic resin, was the first synthetic plastic introduced in the early 20th century.

The initial step in making Bakelite is the formation of Novolac, a pre-polymer. Novolac further reacts under heat to form Bakelite, which is valued for its thermal stability, electrical insulating properties, and durability.