Problem 110 - Objective Biology for NEET

Question

Match the column: Column A Column B 1\. Asthma \- A. Inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles. 2\. Emphysema \- B. Chronic disorder in which alveolar walls are damaged due to which respiratory surface is decreased. 3\. Occupational Respiratory Disorders \(-\) C. Long exposure of chemicals can give rise to inflammation leading to fibrosis (proliferation of fibrous tissues). (a) \(1-\mathrm{A}, 2-\mathrm{B}, 3-\mathrm{C}\) (b) \(1-\mathrm{B}, 2-\mathrm{A}, 3-\mathrm{C}\) (c) \(1-\mathrm{C}, 2-\mathrm{A}, 3-\mathrm{B}\) (d) \(1-\mathrm{C}, 2-\mathrm{B}, 3-\mathrm{A}\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct answer is (a) \(1-\mathrm{A}, 2-\mathrm{B}, 3-\mathrm{C}\).

Step 1: Understanding the Definitions

Go through each statement in column A and try to understand them. Asthma is a condition in which an individual's airways become inflamed, narrow and swell and produce extra mucus, which makes it difficult to breathe. Emphysema is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath due to damage to the alveoli (the air sacs in the lung), leading to a reduction in the respiratory surface. Occupational Respiratory Disorders are diseases of the lung that occur as a result of work exposures to harmful substances.

Step 2: Connect Definitions to Descriptions

Now match each statement in column A with the corresponding descriptions in column B. Asthma, which is inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles, matches with A. Emphysema, characterized by damaged alveolar walls and decrease in respiratory surface, matches with B. Occupational Respiratory Disorders, caused by long exposure to chemicals leading to inflammation and fibrosis, matches with C.

Step 3: Find the Matching Pair

Now find the matching pair from the given options. Here the matching pair is option (a) \(1-\mathrm{A}, 2-\mathrm{B}, 3-\mathrm{C}\) as it correctly matches the conditions with their descriptions.

Key Concepts

Asthma

Asthma is a common respiratory disorder characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways. When a person has asthma, the bronchial tubes in the lungs become inflamed and swollen. This can lead to wheezing, coughing, and difficulty in breathing. Asthma can be triggered by various factors, such as:

• Allergens like pollen, dust mites, and pet dander.
• Respiratory infections, such as the common cold.
• Physical activity, especially in cold weather.
• Environmental pollutants, such as smoke and smog.
• Stress and emotional upset.

Managing asthma typically involves avoiding known triggers and using medications, such as inhalers, to control symptoms. Inhalers may contain bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around the airways, or corticosteroids, which reduce inflammation.
Regular monitoring and consultation with healthcare providers help individuals manage this chronic condition effectively.

Emphysema

Emphysema is a long-term, progressive lung condition that is part of a group of diseases called Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). In emphysema, the alveoli, which are the tiny air sacs in the lungs, gradually become damaged. This damage results in fewer and larger air sacs instead of many tiny ones.
Over time, this reduces the surface area of the lungs and limits the amount of oxygen that enters the bloodstream. Typical symptoms of emphysema include:

• Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity.
• A persistent cough that may produce mucus.
• Wheezing and chest tightness.

Smoking is the primary risk factor for developing emphysema, but it can also occur due to long-term exposure to air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust.
Management of emphysema often includes quitting smoking, taking bronchodilator medications, and undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation programs to improve breathing ability.

Occupational Respiratory Disorders

Occupational respiratory disorders are illnesses caused by inhaling harmful substances at the workplace. These disorders affect the lungs and airways, and they develop from exposure to dust, chemicals, fumes, or other potentially harmful particulates.
Common occupational respiratory disorders include:

• Silicosis: Caused by inhaling silica dust found in mines and construction sites.
• Asbestosis: Results from inhaling asbestos fibers, common in construction and demolition work.
• Byssinosis: Often found in textile industry workers who inhale cotton dust.

Over time, exposure to these substances can lead to chronic inflammation and the development of fibrous tissue, known as fibrosis, in the lungs.
To prevent these conditions, workplaces should implement protective measures such as well-ventilated environments, protective respiratory equipment, and regular health screenings for workers at risk.