Problem 106 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

Match the following: List-I List-II 1\. \(\mathrm{P}^{32}\) (i) Location of the tumour in the brain 2\. \(\mathrm{Na}^{24}\) (ii) Location of the blood clots and circulatory disorders 3\. \(\mathrm{Co}^{\infty 0}\) (iii) Radiotherapy 4\. \(\mathrm{I}^{131}\) (iv) Agricultural research The correct matching is: \(\begin{array}{lll}1 & 2 & 3\end{array}\) 4 (a) (iv) (ii) (iii) (i) (b) (iii) (i) (ii) (iv) (c) (iv) (i) (iii) (ii) (d) (ii) (iv) (i) (ii)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

Option (a): (iv), (ii), (iii), (i).

Step 1: Understanding the Isotopes

Let's identify the applications of each isotope in List-I based on common knowledge:- \(\mathrm{P}^{32}\) is often used in agricultural research for plant nutrients.- \(\mathrm{Na}^{24}\) is used to locate blood clots and circulatory disorders because of its role in studying blood flow.- \(\mathrm{Co}^{60}\) is commonly used in radiotherapy to treat certain cancers.- \(\mathrm{I}^{131}\) is used for imaging and treating thyroid conditions, like in locating brain tumours.

Step 2: Making the Matches

Using our understanding from Step 1, we can match the isotopes to their applications:- \(\mathrm{P}^{32}\) corresponds to (iv) Agricultural research.- \(\mathrm{Na}^{24}\) matches with (ii) Location of the blood clots and circulatory disorders.- \(\mathrm{Co}^{60}\) fits (iii) Radiotherapy.- \(\mathrm{I}^{131}\) links to (i) Location of the tumour in the brain.

Step 3: Validate Against Options

Comparing our matches:- For \(\mathrm{P}^{32}\), we chose (iv).- For \(\mathrm{Na}^{24}\), we selected (ii).- For \(\mathrm{Co}^{60}\), we picked (iii).- For \(\mathrm{I}^{131}\), we chose (i).From the given options, (a) matches our selections.

Key Concepts

Agricultural Research

Phosphorus-32 (\( \mathrm{P}^{32} \)) plays a pivotal role in agricultural research. It is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus, and its use primarily focuses on understanding the nutrient uptake in plants. By incorporating this isotope into fertilizers, scientists can trace how effectively plants absorb essential nutrients. This process helps refine fertilizer application methods and ensure plants receive balanced nutrition.
This tracing is crucial for optimizing growth and improving yields. Also, it enables researchers to study complex plant processes, such as photosynthesis and cellular respiration. By providing insights into these fundamental processes, \( \mathrm{P}^{32} \) helps advance agricultural productivity and sustainability.

• \( \mathrm{P}^{32} \) is used as a tracer.
• It helps understand nutrient uptake in plants.
• It is vital for optimizing agricultural practices.

Radiotherapy Applications

Cobalt-60 (\( \mathrm{Co}^{60} \)) is an essential isotope in radiotherapy treatments utilized for combating various cancers. Radiotherapy uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancerous cells, and \( \mathrm{Co}^{60} \) is involved in delivering precise doses of gamma radiation to the affected areas. The gamma rays emitted by \( \mathrm{Co}^{60} \) target and destroy the DNA of cancer cells, preventing them from reproducing.
This method is effective in shrinking tumors and sometimes eliminating them altogether. With advancements in medical technology, radiotherapy using \( \mathrm{Co}^{60} \) offers targeted treatment options, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.

• \( \mathrm{Co}^{60} \) emits gamma rays used in cancer treatment.
• It helps target and destroy cancer cells effectively.
• Radiotherapy is crucial for reducing and eliminating tumors.

Blood Flow Studies

Sodium-24 (\( \mathrm{Na}^{24} \)) is a radioactive isotope commonly used in medical diagnostics, particularly in studying blood flow and detecting circulatory disorders. When introduced into the bloodstream, \( \mathrm{Na}^{24} \) acts as a tracer, helping physicians visualize blood movement within blood vessels. This visibility is vital for locating blockages or abnormalities, making it easier to diagnose conditions such as thrombosis or aneurysms.
Through imaging techniques, doctors can observe and assess the function of major organs and the overall circulatory system, leading to more accurate diagnoses and effective treatment plans.

• \( \mathrm{Na}^{24} \) helps in understanding blood movement within the body.
• It plays a crucial role in diagnosing and managing vascular disorders.
• Used as a tracer to ensure accurate medical imaging and diagnostics.

Tumour Imaging

Iodine-131 (\( \mathrm{I}^{131} \)) is not only effective in the treatment of thyroid disorders but also instrumental in tumour imaging, especially within the brain. This isotope emits both beta and gamma radiation, making it highly effective for imaging procedures. When \( \mathrm{I}^{131} \) accumulates in the thyroid gland or tumour tissues, it helps create clear images that pinpoint the size, shape, and location of tumors.
These insights are essential for effective diagnosis and for planning appropriate treatment strategies. With its dual function, \( \mathrm{I}^{131} \) provides a comprehensive approach to both diagnose and treat related disorders efficiently.

• \( \mathrm{I}^{131} \) is used in tumor imaging to create precise diagnostic images.
• It targets thyroid and tumour tissues specifically.
• Essential for effective cancer diagnosis and management.