Problem 105 - A Complete Resource Book in Chemistry for JEE Main

Question

The reaction potential values of \(\mathrm{M}, \mathrm{N}\) and \(\mathrm{O}\) are \(+2.46,-1.13\) and \(-3.13 \mathrm{~V}\) respectively. Which of the following order is correct, regarding their reducing property? (a) \(\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{N}>\mathrm{M}\) (b) \(\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{M}>\mathrm{N}\) (c) \(\mathrm{M}>\mathrm{N}>\mathrm{O}\) (d) \(\mathrm{M}>\mathrm{O}>\mathrm{N}\)

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The correct order is (a) O > N > M.

Step 1: Understand Reducing Property

The reducing property of a substance is its ability to donate electrons, thereby reducing another substance. A higher tendency to donate electrons makes a better reducing agent.

Step 2: Analyze Reaction Potentials

The reaction potential, also known as the reduction potential, indicates a substance's tendency to gain electrons. A more negative value indicates a stronger tendency to lose electrons, thus a stronger reducing agent.

Step 3: Compare Reaction Potentials

The given reaction potentials are: M = +2.46V, N = -1.13V, O = -3.13V. Since O has the most negative potential, it is the strongest reducing agent, followed by N, and then M.

Step 4: Determine Reducing Property Order

Based on the reaction potentials, the order of reducing properties is O > N > M.

Key Concepts

Reaction Potential

In chemistry, the reaction potential is a crucial concept that helps us understand how substances interact. This value essentially tells us whether a substance is likely to lose or gain electrons in a chemical reaction. Reaction potential is often synonymous with reduction potential.
It is denoted in volts (V) and measured against a reference electrode. A negative reaction potential means a substance more readily loses electrons, acting as a stronger reducing agent.
When comparing reaction potentials, always remember:

• A more negative reaction potential = better electron donor.
• A more positive reaction potential = better electron acceptor.

Reduction Potential

Reduction potential expresses a substance's inherent ability to gain electrons. This parameter is essential in determining how a substance behaves in a redox (reduction-oxidation) reaction. Every substance has a distinct reduction potential, which indicates its preference for either acquiring or losing electrons.
Reduction potentials are crucial when predicting the direction of electron flow in electrochemical cells.
Some key points to keep in mind:

• More positive reduction potential implies stronger oxidizing ability.
• More negative reduction potential implies better reducing ability.

Understanding reduction potential is key to mastering electrochemistry.

Electrons Donation

Electrons donation is the process where a substance gives up electrons to another substance. This process is a fundamental part of redox reactions and defines the nature of reducing agents. Reducing agents are substances that lose electrons easily and promote the reduction of other substances by providing them electrons.
When a substance donates electrons, it undergoes oxidation. Here are some important points regarding electron donation:

• Substances with more negative reaction potentials are better electron donors.
• Electron donation is essential for many chemical and biological processes.
• Efficient electron donors are key in energy storage and transfer systems like batteries and photosynthesis.

Helping you grasp the concept of electron donation can largely improve your understanding of electrochemical reactions.