43E - Organic Chemistry (Mcmurry)

Question

Write the products of the following acid–base reactions:$\begin{array}{l}\left(a\right)C{H}_{3}OH+H_{2}S{O}_4\rightleftarrows ?\\ \left(b\right)C{H}_{3}OH+NaN{H}_2\rightleftarrows ?\\ \left(c\right)C{H}_{3}N{H_3}^{+}+C{l}^{-}+NaOH\rightleftarrows ?\end{array}$

Step-by-Step Solution

Answer

The products of the following acid-base reaction are given below:

Acid-Base reactions

An acid and base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base. It can be used to determine pH

Acid and bases are important to many chemical processes, maintaining a stable internal environment in the human body, producing salt and water with the help of a neutralization process in which acid and base react to form a salt and water.

Acid and base strength

Acids differ in their ability to donate H⁺. Stronger acids, such as HCl, react almost completely with water, whereas weaker acids, such as acetic acid (CH₃COOH), react only slightly. The exact strength of a given acid HA in water solution is described using the acidity constant ( ) for the acid-dissociation equilibrium.

Example:$\begin{array}{l}{\text{HA + H}}_2\text{O }\rightleftarrows {\text{ A}}^{-}{\text{ + H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{-}\\ K_a\underset{}{}\text{=}\underset{}{}\frac{{\text{[H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{+}{\text{][A}}^{-}\text{]}}{\left[HA\right]}\end{array}$

Acid strengths are normally using  values rather than  values, where the  is the negative common logarithm of $K_a$:

$\text{p}K\text{a = -log }{K}_a$

 

The stronger acid has a smaller  $\text{p}{K}_a$ , and the weaker acid has a larger $\text{p}{K}_a$ .

The reaction will take place to a significant extent in the direction from stronger acid to weaker 

acid.

Identify the product of the following reaction

It is given that all the reactions are acid and base reactions. In general, an acid donates a proton to the base, and a base abstracts a proton from the acids. The reaction always proceeds from a strong acid, strong base to weak acid, weak base.

The products of the following acid-base reaction are given below:

(a) Sulfuric acid  is strong acid than methanol . Therefore it donates a proton to methanol.

(b) Methanol  is a stronger acid than sodamide . Therefore methanol donates its proton to sodamide.

(c) Methyl ammonium chloride  is a stronger acid than Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Therefore it can donate its proton to Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH).